Spoiler Alert: Leo Frank made an admission during his trial that amounted to a murder confession.

On Monday morning April 28, 1913, Leo Frank was taken to the Atlanta Police Station for routine questioning during the critical first 48 hours of the Mary Phagan murder investigation. In an interrogation room, Leo Frank was flanked by his two elite lawyers, Luther Z. Rosser and Herbert Haas, and surrounded by a team of police, staff and detectives. Leo Frank made a deposition concerning his whereabouts during Confederate Memorial Day, Saturday, April 26, 1913, and about his “brief” encounter with Mary Phagan minutes after high noon.

Leo Frank’s statement was stenographed by a government magistrate named Mr. February, and the statement became part of the official record at the Leo Frank trial, registered as State’s Exhibit B (Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence, 1913). Leo Frank specifically stated that Mary Phagan entered his 2nd floor office on Saturday, April 26, 1913 between “12:05 pm and 12:10 pm, maybe 12:07 pm”. Leo Frank also repeatedly told the police and detectives that he never left his office on April 26, 1913 between twelve noon and 12:45 pm. However, Leo Frank’s timeline alibi would dramatically change at his trial (which took place from July 28 to August 21, 1913) on August 18, 1913, when he mounted the witness stand.

At the trial of Leo Frank (accused of murdering Mary Phagan), a young 14-year old girl named Monteen Stover who formerly worked at the National Pencil Company testified she went there to collect her pay envelope inside Leo Frank’s office on Saturday, April 26, 1913, at 12:05 p.m. and found Leo Frank’s office completely empty. Monteen Stover described waiting inside the office for five minutes until 12:10 pm and then left, because she thought the factory might have been deserted. If Monteen Stover was telling the truth, she had inadvertently broken Leo Frank’s alibi concerning his whereabouts on that fateful day. What was ironic about Monteen Stover is that she was a positive character defense witness for Leo Frank, unlike 19 of his other employees and associates whose testimony suggested Leo Frank was a lecherous, licentious, lascivious and libertine boss.

Leo Frank specifically answered on August 18, 1913, why Monteen Stover found his office empty on Saturday, April 26, 1913 between 12:05pm and 12:10pm, and in doing so, Leo Frank solved the Mary Phagan murder mystery.

Three weeks into the trial on August 18, 1913, Leo Frank mounted the witness stand at 2:15 pm to make an unsworn courtroom speech to the judge and jury on the record. During Leo Frank’s 4-hour trial statement, he refused to be examined or cross examined by defense and prosecution counselors, but he answered the question everyone wanted to know by directly responding to the testimony of Monteen Stover about why his office was empty on April 26, 1913 between 12:05 pm and 12:10 pm. Leo Frank contradicted his earlier statement to the police and explained this five minute absence with a newfangled admission saying he might have “unconsciously” gone to the bathroom in the Metal Room!

It was an astonishing, jaw dropping, and spine-tingling admission by Leo M. Frank that left everyone in courtroom perplexed, because there was only one bathroom on the second floor and it was located inside the Metal Room – the real scene of the crime. Leo Frank not only put himself in the Metal Room where all the forensic evidence suggested Mary Phagan had been murdered, but he put himself in the specific location at which Jim Conley testified he found the dead body of Mary Phagan.

The newfangled explanation delivered by Leo Frank on August 18, 1913 at 2:45 pm to the judge and jury was considered the equivalent of a murder confession, because the state’s prosecution team spent the entire duration of the four week long trial proving Leo Frank murdered Mary Phagan in the metal room on April 26, 1913 between 12:05 pm and 12:10 pm.

The Metal Room was down the hall from Leo Frank’s office, and the place Mary Phagan had toiled for more than a year at a wage of 7 and 4/11th cents an hour. The Metal Room was where Leo Frank went to use the bathroom each and every day, as he worked down the hall in his second floor office at the front section of the National Pencil Company. When Leo Frank went to the bathroom each day between the year’s time during the Spring of 1912 and 1913 that Mary Phagan was employed, he had to immediately pass by her work station within a matter of feet, but Leo Frank denied knowing Mary Phagan even at the trial, and it became an incriminating point of contention against him.

At the trial Jim Conley reported that he discovered the dead body of Phagan in the metal department (Metal Room) bathroom at the behest of Leo Frank. Conley stated that Leo Frank asked him to move the cadaver of Mary Phagan to the basement furnace where garbage was normally placed before incinerated. In the fallout of Jim Conley refusing to complete the job of stuffing Mary Phagan into the furnace for $200 (and thereby destroying the evidence), Conley instead agreed to write the “death notes” pinning the bludgeoning, rape and strangulation of Mary Phagan on a tall, dark, and slim black man named Newt Lee, the factory nightwatchman and security guard recently employed at the factory for less than 3 weeks. The “death notes” were found next to the dead body of Mary Phagan and they describe her going to “make water” in the only place she could “make water”, which was the bathroom in the Metal Room on the second floor. There was no bathroom accessible on the first floor and the one in the dark dingy basement was for “Negroes Only.”

On Monday morning, April 28, 1913, a factory employee named Robert P. Barret discovered a bloody tress of hair tangled on the steel handle of his lathe in the metal room, and moments later a 5″ inch wide fan-shaped bloodstain on the floor of the Metal Room in front of the girls dressing room next to the bathroom. Barret testified about the forensic evidence he found and it pointed to the same conclusion about the Metal Room being the scene of a heinous crime of violence with a very poor clean-up job. All of the evidence presented at the trial pointed to the Metal Room as the real scene of the crime.

Jim Conley saying he found Mary Phagan dead in the Metal Room bathroom at the behest of Leo Frank and Leo Frank saying he might have “unconsciously” gone to the bathroom in the Metal Room at the same time he originally told the police that Mary Phagan was in his office (State’s Exhibit B), and at the same time Monteen Stover said Leo Frank’s office was empty, resulted in the case coming together at the murder trial with absolute precision.

Leo Frank entrapped himself beyond escape at his trial on August 18, 1913, at 2:45 pm.

Many have asked how many times in the annals of United States legal history has the accused made an admission that amounted to an unmistakable murder confession at their own trial?

If there are any doubts about Leo Frank’s August 18, 1913 murder trial confession, consider reading the March 9, 1914, Atlanta Constitution publishing a jailhouse interview of Leo Frank, in which he reconfirms his trial testimony about a Metal Room bathroom visit specifically responding to Monteen Stover’s testimony about his office being empty between 12:05 p.m. and 12:10 p.m. on Saturday, April 26, 1913.

The solving of the Mary Phagan murder mystery is found in the fact that Leo Frank made the equivalent of public murder confession at his trial on August 18, 1913, between 2:15 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. and it is documented in the official Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence, 1913, and the Georgia Supreme Court Case File on Leo Frank, 1913, 1914. Every appellate tribunal called to review the Leo Frank trial brief of evidence from 1913 to 1915, 1982 to 1986 did not disturb the unanimous verdict of the judge and jury originally made in August of 1913. One may also read between the lines of appeasement concerning the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) sponsored Leo M. Frank posthumous pardon – without exoneration – issued on March 11, 1986.

Revisionist journalist-author Steve Oney weaves together a fantastic collage of unsubstantiated Leo Frank hoaxes throughout his entire book ‘And the Dead Shall Rise’ (2003), as part of his shameless efforts to re-write history, exonerate Leo Frank of the Mary Phagan murder, and ultimately rehabilitate the image of Leo Frank from a perverted and violent pedophile, rapist and strangler, toward a more kinder and gentler mythological stoic-martyr who was unjustly scapegoated in a vast conspiracy.

By cherry picking and misrepresenting enough parts of the case, the subtext of Oney’s book is that an innocent and well educated Ivy-League Jew named Leo Frank was ensnared by the real culprit, a semi-literate and drunken stumble bum, the African-American factory sweeper Jim Conley.

Oney downplays the fact that Leo Frank and Jim Conley had a personal relationship that was a bit too close for comfort. Leo Frank would often goose and jolly with James “Jim” Conley at the factory. Leo Frank also managed Jim’s contracts as Conley had a side business selling watches at the NPCo factory and even ripped off Mr. Arthur Pride who testified about it at the trial. In September 10, 1912, even though Jim Conley served a one month sentence for drunken disorderly behavior, Leo Frank took him back at the National Pencil Company in mid October.

Leo Frank knew for a fact Jim Conley could write, but kept this information in confidence until it was too late. Leo Frank never said a single word about Conley to the police during the early days of the Mary Phagan murder investigation, even though the “death notes” were clearly written in Ebonics, and there were only 8 African-American employees out of 170 employees in total working at the National Pencil Company factory. Jim Conley worked at the National Pencil Company in various capacities for 2 years and had even done some written inventory work for Leo Frank.

Steve Oney never addresses why Leo Frank knowingly refused to tell the police Jim Conley could write.

What Steve Oney fails to elaborate fully for the reader is the most grotesque subplot of the bludgeoning, rape and strangulation of Mary Phagan and its pinning on the African-American Nightwatchman Newton “Newt” Lee who was ordered by Leo Frank on Friday, April 25 to arrive at work an hour early, 4:00 pm on the infamous April 26, 1913 so Leo Frank could go to the ballgame with his brother-in-law Mr. Ursenbach.

Oney points out in his book that weeks after Leo Frank and Jim Conley were arrested, the police arranged for them to confront each other face to face over the murder. Jim agreed, but Leo refused. Oney never answers the question why an “innocent” white man would refuse to confront an African-American man, accusing him of strangling a 13-year old white girl in the context of the white racial separatist south of 1913, where the word of a black man would never be taken over the word of a white man.

Though Steve Oney claims he spent 17 years of his life traveling the country to research and write this colorful and thesaurus-enriched book, his analysis is mostly shallow and myopic at best. Steve Oney tends to wear horse blinders and drives with the emergency brakes on during his epic 700+ page journey, and as a result, he does not plumb the depths of the case, or soar above it’s centenarian heights like a lucid and dispassionate researcher, looking back on the case 9 decades later with new penetrating eyes. Oney never explores any of the permutations or possible real solutions to the crime, making his book a complete waste of time. Oney never answers the myriad of the case’s questions either, leaving the reader truly frustrated, unsatisfied and unfulfilled. No real modern forensic analysis is applied to this case by Oney despite the hundreds of pages surviving into the 21st century with crime scene and autopsy descriptions by police, detectives, undertakers and physicians, respectively, turning this book into nothing more than a long winded journalists diatribe that is lost in a labyrinth of Leo Frank partisanship.

As a tabloid style journalist-author who should be writing for the ‘National Enquirer’, Steve Oney fills his book with every erroneous “fact” and fabricated piece of “evidence” on behalf of Leo Frank’s defense, regardless of whether or not the inclusions stand up to even minimal scrutiny.

One of the biggest frauds Steve Oney perpetuates within his book, like many other Leo Frank partisan authors, was originally fabricated by the tabloid-style journalist Pierre van Paassen in his book, ‘To Number Our Days’, published in 1964. In this 404 page work, Pierre van Paassen spends less than 2 pages (p. 237-8) recalling 42 years earlier an incident that happened in 1922, at a time when he was in Atlanta, Georgia, working as a journalist for the Atlanta Constitution, and investigating the Leo Frank Case.

‘To Number Our Days’, by Pierre van Paassen, Chapter: Short Stand in Dixieland, Page 237, Line 27:

“The Jewish community of Atlanta at that time seemed to live under a cloud. Several years previously one of its members, Leo Frank, had been lynched as he was being transferred from the Fulton Tower Prison in Atlanta to Milledgeville for trial on a charge of having raped and murdered a little girl in his warehouse which stood right opposite the Constitution building. Many Jewish citizens who recalled the lynching were unanimous in assuring me that Frank was innocent of the crime.

I took reading all the evidence pro and con in the record department at the courthouse. Before long I came upon an envelope containing a sheaf of papers and a number of X-ray photographs showing teeth indentures. The murdered girl had been bitten on the left shoulder and neck before being strangled. But the X-ray photos of the teeth marks on her body did not correspond with Leo Frank’s set of teeth of which several photos were included. If those photos had been published at the time of the murder, as they should have been, the lynching would probably not have taken place.

Though, as I said, the man died several years before, it was too late, I thought, to rehabilitate his memory and perhaps restore the good name of his family. I showed Clark Howell the evidence establishing Frank’s innocence and asked permission to run a series of articles dealing with the case and especially with the evidence just uncovered. Mr. Howell immediately concurred, but the most prominent Jewish lawyer in the city, Mr. Harry Alexander, whom I consulted with a view to have him present the evidence to the grand jury, demurred. He said Frank had not even been tried. Hence no new trial could be requested. Moreover, the Jewish community in its entirety still felt nervous about the incident. If I wrote the articles, old resentments might be stirred up and, who knows some of the unknown lynchers might recognize themselves as participants in my description of the lynching. It was better, Mr. Alexander thought, to leave sleeping lions alone. Some local rabbis were drawn into the discussion and they actually pleaded with Clark Howell to stop me from reviving interest in the Frank case as this was bound to have evil repercussions on the Jewish community.

That someone had blabbed out of school became quite evident when I received a printed warning saying: “Lay off the Frank case if you want to keep healthy.” The unsigned warning was reinforced one night, or rather, early one morning when I was driving home. A large automobile drove up alongside of me and forced me into the track of a fast-moving streetcar coming from the opposite direction. My car was demolished, but I escaped without a scratch…. ”

Source: To Number Our Days (1964), By Pierre van Paassen. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 64-13633. 404 Pages, see p. 237/8.

A recollection about an event that happened more than 4 decades ago provides the first question concerning its veracity. Dental x-ray forensics were in their infancy in 1913, and never used in Georgia for any murder case until countless years after Leo Frank was hanged in Marietta, GA, and buried in Queens, NY, in 1915. Is it “Mr. Harry Alexander” or Henry Alexander? And why would the attorney who represented Leo Frank during his numerous appeals say Leo Frank didn’t have his murder trial yet? Leo Frank was not lynched on the way to Milledgeville for trial or prison in late June 1915, he was lynched 170 miles away in Marietta on August 17, 1915. Bite marks on Mary Phagan’s left shoulder and neck?! None of the numerous examinations or autopsies of Mary Phagan conducted by the undertaker, police, detectives and physicians reported in the official record and newspapers mention any bite marks on Mary Phagan’s shoulder, neck or anywhere else on her body. This journalist claims an attempted murder was made on his life while he was driving his car and forced into a head on collision and his car was demolished, but he escaped without a scratch in 1922 when there were virtually no safety features in a car by modern standards.

From beginning to end, Steve Oney’s tome about the Leo Frank case is filled with shameless misrepresentations, fabrications, half-truths, omissions and sloppy research. Oney isn’t fooling people who studied the Leo Frank case when he pretends to be neutral and unbiased in his book.

The definitive book on the Leo Frank case has not been written yet, we are all still waiting for someone to write and publish it. Perhaps it’s time for Steve Oney to re-read and carefully study the 1,800 page Georgia Supreme Court File on Leo M. Frank, and put out a new edition of his book without all the easily verified misrepresentations, fabrications, half-truths, omissions and sloppy research.

American State Trials Volume 10 (1918) by John D. Lawson, LL.D.

Beginning on page 182, an interpretation of the Leo M. Frank case by John D. Lawson is featured and then followed by an abridged version of the 1913 Leo Frank trial testimony (July 28, 1913 to August 21, 1913).

Leo Frank was charged with the April 26, 1913, murder of little Mary Phagan (If you would like to read the unabridged version of the Leo Frank trial testimony, visit: download the more complete 1913 Brief of Evidence from www.Archive.org).

After the extensively abridged Leo Frank trial testimony is republished in this work, the elusive closing arguments (August 21 to 25, 1913) of State’s Prosecution Lawyers Hugh M. Dorsey and Mr. Frank Arthur Hooper, and Leo Frank Defense Team Attorneys Reuben Rose Arnold and Luther Zeigler Rosser are featured. No other source known to exist, except for the local newspapers at the time, published the closing arguments of the 1913 Leo M. Frank trial. The 4 closing arguments are required reading.

The Jury unanimously convicted Leo M. Frank and sentenced him to death on August 25, 1913. The presiding Judge Leonard Strickland Roan agreeing with the verdict and death sentence, affirmed them both, with the sentencing added in the official record. After a failed appeal for a new trial, Judge Leonard Strickland Roan sentences Leo Frank to hang on his own 30th birthday, April 17, 1914.

The chronology of post trial conviction appeals (August 27, 1913 to April 1915) is highlighted with some commentary, however if you want to read the 1,800 pages of legal documents detailing the criminal activity of the Leo Frank defense team, you will need download the Leo M. Frank Georgia Supreme Court case documents and the response of Hugh M. Dorsey to the criminal conspiracy that occurred during the appeals process, available on www.LeoFrank.org.

The major pivotal event at the conclusion of the 2 years of failed appeals was the controversial commutation of Leo Frank’s death sentence to life in prison on June 21, 1915, by one of his attorneys closest business associate, the outgoing and corrupt Governor John M. Slaton, who was a senior law partner and part owner of the law firm representing Leo Frank at his 1913 murder trial.

July 17, 1915

At the Milledgeville Prison Farm, William Creen, a fellow prison inmate “shanked” Leo Frank with a seven inch butcher knife. Leo Frank barely survived the attack.

August 17, 1915

Finally a very detailed account of the events leading up to the abduction of Leo Frank from prison on the evening of August 16, 1915 and his lynching the morning of August 17, 1915 is provided.

Politics and Tensions

What makes this nationally followed and sensational murder trial so unlikely, is it would be the first time in U.S. history, in a Black-White racially segregated South, the testimony of two African-Americans, Jim Conley and Newt Lee, would become an integral part of the overall collective testimony and evidence presented to an all white Jury, which would help successfully convict a White man (Leo Frank) on August 25th 1913.

Leo Frank’s personal cook Minola McKnight

And though African-American Minola McKnight would later deny her shocking June 3rd 1913 affidavit, State’s Exhibit J, the half-hearted repudiation would not be believed when all things were considered and thus Minola McKnight, would become the 3rd African-American whose evidence at the trial would help build the case against Leo Frank.

What is State’s Exhibit J?

State’s Exhibit J, is about conversations Minola McKnight had with Lucille Selig Frank about what transpired on the late evening of April 26, 1913. It was then a drunk, remorseful and suicidal Leo Frank confessed to his wife in a roundabout way to murdering Mary Phagan in an unmistakeable way. Leo Frank broke down and told Lucille S. Frank he didn’t understand why he would murder. Leo Frank then asked Lucille Selig Frank to get his pistol so he could shoot himself.

Star Witness

Though, ultimately the most important witness testimony at the trial did not come from the African-American janitor Jim Conley or the African-American Nightwatchman Newt Lee, but from a Goldilocks 14 year old White girl named Monteen Stover, she broke Leo Frank’s alibi wide open.

The following Saturday after the murder of Mary Phagan, Monteen Stover had come to collect her pay envelope at the factory, she was unable to get it the Saturday before, because Leo M. Frank was not there at the normal prescribed time people come to pick up their pay envelopes on Saturdays. For Monteen Stover this time was 12:05 to 12:10 PM, April 26, 1913.

With this new information provided by Monteen Stover, police approached an oblivious Leo Frank and asked him about where he was that afternoon from noon onward.

Leo Frank specifically told police officer John R. Black and Pinkerton detective Harry Scott that he was in his second floor office at the factory every single minute from noon to 12:45.

To compound problems for Leo Frank, after being sworn under oath, he told the Coroners Inquest Jury, he did not use the bathroom at all on April 26, 1913, leaving the Coroner Paul Donehoo and his Jury of six men incredulous as would be expected.

Monteen Stover Character Witness

What made matters ironic is Monteen Stover liked Leo Frank, tending to be a character defense witness for Leo Frank, by countering the numerous pedophilia allegations from former employees of the closed-down pencil factory. More than a bakers dozen of pre-teen and teenage girls who worked in various positions as child laborers at the sweatshop-like National Pencil Company testified Leo Frank made unmistakeable and aggressive sexual, pedophile and lascivious innuendos towards them. The defense refused to cross examine them.

Leo Frank was not in his office from 12:05 to 12:10 PM on April 26, 1913

Monteen Stover testified to the fact of Leo Frank not being in either his inner or outer second floor office between 12:05 and 12:10 on April 26th 1913. Monteen Stover said when she had arrived in Leo Frank’s office, she looked around for Leo Frank and waited in his second floor office for 5 minutes from 12:05 to 12:10 PM, because she wanted to collect her weekly pay due to her on Saturday (No one ever disputed this fact at the trial or appeals, not even the defense lawyers).

When Monteen Stover couldn’t find Leo Frank, she then looked down the hall from Leo Frank’s second floor office, directly at the glass door to the metal room, describing it as being closed shut and she left at 12:10PM, because she thought the factory was deserted. When asked how she knew what time it was, she answered the clock on the wall.

Monteen Stover’s testimony left people presuming Leo Frank was in the metal room between 12:05 and 12:10 PM and that he was strangling Mary Phagan. Leo Frank would later accidentally affirm it, at his murder trial on August 18, 1913, with what amounted to an unmistakeable virtual murder confession.

The Leo Frank Virtual Murder Confession, August 18, 1913

It was on August 18th 1913, Leo Frank mounted the witness stand at 2:15PM at his trial and would counter the specific testimony given by Monteen Stover (about Leo Frank not being in his office from 12:05 to 12:10), with a most shocking, mind boggling blunder, an admission inescapably entrapping himself and considered to be the equivalent to a murder confession.

“Unconsciously” Going to the Bathroom in the Metal Room

In response to Monteen Stover, Leo Frank testified he may have “unconsciously” gone to the bathroom to use the toilet or to urinate to account for his lapse of unaccountable time in his empty office between 12:05 to 12:10 PM. This testimony was so grossly incriminating because in order to get to the bathroom, one has to physically walk into and through the second floor metal room where the bathroom is located inside. There was no other bathroom on the second floor, but the one in the metal room.

The State’s prosecution team led by Hugh Dorsey spent nearly 4 weeks in total, during the longest criminal trial in Southern history at the time, building it’s entire case and successfully convincing the Judge and Jury, that Leo M. Frank murdered Mary Phagan in the second floor metal room between 12:05 and 12:10 PM on Confederate Memorial Day, April 26th 1913.

The 12:05 to 12:10 PM murder time frame was decided upon because, it was this exact time range given by Leo Frank on Monday, April 29, 1913, when he said Mary Phagan had come into his office on April 26, 1913. The statement was entered as evidence called State’s Exhibit B.

Leo Frank’s August 18, 1913, statement about his “unconscious” bathroom visit amounted to a virtual murder confession, not only because the only bathroom on the second floor was in the metal room, but also because of the time frame. State’s Prosecution Attorneys Solicitor General Hugh M. Dorsey and Frank Arthur Hooper would articulate the virtual murder confession in their closing arguments August 21, 22, 23, and 25, 1913. However they tried to give every piece of evidence equal weight in their arguments, not putting too much emphasis on each point, rather they acted as if each one were a thread, bound together with many threads to make an invincible hangman’s noose (See: Argument of Hugh M. Dorsey, 1913).

The August 18, 1913, Leo Frank murder confession was the first time in Southern U.S. history, that the prime suspect indicted for murder made a virtual confession at their own capital murder trial. People are still flabbergasted by it today.

The August 18, 1913, Leo Frank murder confession ensured a total shutout and victory for the prosecution.

The Jury, August 25, 1913

With less than 4 hours of deliberation, the Jury had arrived at it’s unanimous decision of guilt without a recommendation of mercy (they unanimously voted for the execution of Leo Frank by hanging).

The Presiding Judge Leonard Stickland Roan

On August 26, 1913, Judge Leonard Stickland Roan agreeing with the conviction, affirmed it and sentenced Leo Frank to death. Judge Leonard Stickland Roan was so convinced of Leo Frank’s guilt, he eventually sentenced him to die on his 30th birthday, April 17, 1914.

Leo Frank Appeals (1913 to 1915)

Two embarrassing years of failed appeals occurred at the State and Federal Court Systems, because it was found out the Leo M. Frank defense team was criminally manufacturing affidavits and bribing people to false swear to lies. In May of 1915, Leo Frank had one last hope, and appealed to the unscrupulous Governor of Georgia, who was part owner of the law firm originally representing Leo Frank at the infamous murder trial.

When Georgian Governor John M. Slaton, commuted his client Leo Franks death sentence to life in prison on June 21st 1915, there was public outrage at the perceived gross conflict of interest. Most people believed John M. Slaton was disqualified from being legitimately qualified to make an impartial decision in terms of whether or not to give Leo Frank clemency against the wishes of the Judge, trial Jury and two years of majority decisions at every level of the United States Appellate System.

Betrayal of the Oath to the Constitution of the United States of America

Southerners raged indignantly, because Governor John M. Slaton on the last page of his commutation order said he was sustaining the Jury and Appellate Tribunals. What also made matters hard to swallow is Governor John M. Slaton completely disregarded the sworn trial testimony of Newt Lee, Harry Scott, Monteen Stover, Jim Conley, Leo Frank and 19 girls whose testimony incriminated Leo Frank. Governor John M. Slaton was a part owner and senior partner of the lawfirm, ‘Rosser, Brandon, Slaton and Phillips’, the same lawfirm that represented Leo Frank during his trial and State appeals.

Mob Violence

Immediately after the commutation of Leo Frank, a demonstration of 1,200 people marched on John M. Slaton’s home, and in a terrified response, the armed national guard not been called in to disperse the crowd. Their was fear John Slaton would have been lynched and the inside of his palatial mansion torched to the ground.

Leo Frank Transferred

After the John M. Slaton clemency scandal Leo Frank was secretly whisked far away to Milledgeville, Georgia, a minimum security work farm nearly 150 miles from Atlanta.

On July 17, 1915, an inmate shanked Leo Frank, slashing his throat with a 7 inch butcher knife. Leo Frank barely survived and his wounds were slow to heal in the hot and humid Georgia summer of 1915, and one month later Leo Frank would meet his verdict by a group of prominent Southern vigilantes.

A well organized lynch party came together in critical mass immediately after the Leo Frank commutation order of June 21, 1915, it was a group of elite men that donned itself “The Knights of Mary Phagan”, formed by the leadership of the “good ole boys”, Georgia’s most prominent members of society and the upper crust of Marietta citizenry.

Nearly two months after the June 21, 1915, commutation, the lynch party launched one of the most audacious prison breaks in US history, in an unprecedented commando style raid unleashed with military precision, they seized and abducted Leo Frank from the Milledgeville prison on August 16, 1915 at 11PM. The abduction was so well executed it was achieved without a single shot being fired.

The lynch party made up of several dozen men drove Leo Frank 150 miles from Milledgeville all through the night in a tail gating party conga line, of slow rolling model-T fords at approximately 18 miles an hour. The caravan of lynch party members delivered Leo Frank to his final destination at Frey’s Gin (1200 Roswell Road, Marietta, Ga), the preplanned place Leo Frank was to be hanged. The execution site was a location in the close relative vicinity of where Mary had once lived and was buried.

A 3/4″ manila rope was prepped into a hang mans noose, it was thrown over a sturdy oak tree branch the thickness of a mans thy and the loop was placed snugly around Leo Frank’s neck like a thread through the head of a needle. Leo Frank was carefully hoisted onto a small table by 4 men, 2 on either side of him meant to hold him steady. With the noose securely snug around Leo Frank’s neck the other end of the rope was tied off to a nearby tree with slack, the sentence of the Jury was read by a former Judge and the table was kicked away.

In a normal hanging, the person falls through a trap door and their neck is broken, in this case, Leo Frank did not have enough room to fall when the table was kicked away and as a result he was strangled in midair, dying the same way Mary Phagan died.

Leo Frank was properly lynched on the morning of August 17th, 1915 at 7:17AM for the bludgeon, rape and strangulation of 13 year old Mary Anne Phagan (1899 to 1913).

Leo Frank was president of the elite Jewish Fraternal organization B’nai B’rith, his August 1913 conviction became part of the impetus for the creation of the Jewish Anti-Defamation League (ADL) of B’nai B’rith in October 1913. The Anti-Defamation League is a Jewish spy and espionage organization that subverts US Laws and works to destroy European-American hegemony in Western Civilization. The ADL blindly supports a racist, discriminatory, terrorist Israel that commits the worst civil rights abuses against Palestinians.

More excellent books and reading on the subject include:

0. The Leo Frank Case (Mary Phagan) Inside Story of Georgia’s Greatest Murder Mystery 1913 – The first neutral book written on the subject. Very interesting read.

1. The Murder of Little Mary Phagan by Mary Phagan Kean (Available here on www.Archive.org). Written by Mary Phagan Kean, the great grand niece of Mary Phagan. A neutral account of the events surrounding the trial of Leo Frank. The Murder of Little Mary Phagan is well worth reading and it is a refreshing change from the endless number of Jewish and contemporary books turning the Leo Frank case into a neurotic race obsessed tabloid controversy.

2. American State Trials, volume X (1918) by John Lawson (Available here on www.Archive.org) Tends to be biased in favor of Leo Frank and his legal defense team, this document provides an abridged version of the Brief of Evidence, leaving out some important things said and details when it republishes parts of the trial testimony. Be sure to read the closing arguments of Luther Zeigler Rosser, Reuben Rose Arnold, Frank Arthur Hooper and Hugh Manson Dorsey. For a more complete version of the Leo M. Frank trial testimony, read the 1913 murder trial brief of evidence found on www.archive.org and you can see what was left out.

3. Argument of Hugh M. Dorsey in the Trial of Leo Frank (Available here on www.archive.org). Some but not all of the 9 hours of arguments given to the Jury at the end of the Leo Frank trial. Only 18 Libraries in the world have copies of this books. This is an excellent book and required reading to see how Dorsey in sales vernacular ‘closed’ a Jury of 12 men and Judge Roan.

4. Leo M. Frank, Plaintiff in Error, vs. State of Georgia, Defendant in Error. In Error from Fulton Superior Court at the July Term 1913, Brief of Evidence. Extremely rare, only 1 copy exists, and it is at the Georgia State Archive. (available on archive.org)

5., 6., 7., The Atlanta Constitution, The Atlanta Journal, The Atlanta Georgian, April 28th to August 27th 1913.

Watson’s Magazine 1915

8. Tom Watson’s Jeffersonian and Watson’s Magazine: Watson’s Magazine, January 1915, Watson’s Magazine, March 1915; Watson’s Magazine, August 1915, Watson’s Magazine, September 1915, and Watson’s Magazine, October of 1915. (Available here on www.Archive.org). Tom Watson’s best work on the Leo M. Frank case was published in September 1915. Watson’s five works written collectively on the Leo M. Frank topic, provide logical arguments confirming the guilt of Leo M. Frank with superb reasoning.

These five works are absolutely required reading for anyone interested in the Leo M. Frank Case. Tom Watson’s magazine publications surged from 30,000 to 100,000 copies, when it was announced he would be writing on the Leo Frank case. These magazines are extremely rare and very difficult to find. However they have been scanned and are available on www.Archive.org

1. The Leo Frank Case By Tom Watson (January 1915) Watson’s Magazine Volume 20 No. 3. See page 139 for the Leo Frank Case. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source Archive.org

2. The Full Review of the Leo Frank Case By Tom Watson (March 1915) Volume 20. No. 5. See page 235 for ‘A Full Review of the Leo Frank Case’. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source Archive.org

3. The Celebrated Case of The State of Georgia vs. Leo Frank By Tom Watson (August 1915) Volumne 21, No 4. See page 182 for ‘The Celebrated Case of the State of Georgia vs. Leo Frank”. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source Archive.org

4. The Official Record in the Case of Leo Frank, Jew Pervert By Tom Watson (September 1915) Volume 21. No. 5. See page 251 for ‘The Official Record in the Case of Leo Frank, Jew Pervert’. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source Archive.org

5. The Rich Jews Indict a State! The Whole South Traduced in the Matter of Leo Frank By Tom Watson (October 1915) Volume 21. No. 6. See page 301. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source Archive.org

Though Tom Watson is considered a controversial figure by some, when one puts the rhetoric aside, his writings on the Leo Frank case are lucid, making a very complicated trial easy to understand.

Tom Watson’s Jeffersonian Newspaper

9. The Tom E. Watson Digital Papers Archive, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: http://www.lib.unc.edu/dc/watson

Tom W. Brown, Grandson of Thomas Edward Watson

10. Notes on the Case of Leo M. Frank, By Tom Watson Brown, Emery University, Atlanta, Georgia, 1982.

Leo Frank Archive

11. The Leo Frank Archive: http://www.LeoFrank.org

The book, ‘The Murder of Little Mary Phagan’ authored by Mary Phagan Kean (b. 1953), the great grand niece of little Mary Phagan (June 1, 1899 to April 26, 1913) is perhaps the most even-handed book written in the last one hundred years about the controversial subject and its contentious aftermath.
This exceptional book ‘The Murder of Little Mary Phagan’ details one of the most infamous crimes of the early 20th century.
The discovery of a dead girl who had been violently battered, raped and strangled launched an investigation that began at 3:24 AM on April 27, 1913, when the Nightwatchman (“night witch”) Newt Lee called the Atlanta police, and reached call officer W.F. Anderson and reported the discovery of a murdered White girl in the factory basement of the National Pencil Company.
56 hours after the discovery of Mary Phagan’s dead body on April 27, Leo Frank was arrested on April 28, 1913 at 11:30 AM, it would be his last day of freedom and the beginning of a legal battle that would come to a controversial and tragic end more than 2 years later.
The Most Major Breakthrough In the Mary Phagan Murder Investigation
On Saturday May 3, 1913, the Mary Phagan murder investigation would reach a major milestone, when detectives accidentally stumbled upon one of the child laborer employees who had formerly worked at the National Pencil Company. The girls name was Monteen Stover, and she was at the NPCo to collect her pay envelope for a second time, because she had failed the first time on Confederate Memorial Day.
When police thoroughly questioned Monteen Stover she revealed something very interesting, she said Leo Frank was not in his office Saturday, April 26, 1913, when she arrived to get her pay envelope. More chronologically specific she said Leo Frank’s office was empty when she waited inside from 12:05 PM to 12:10 PM on Saturday, April 26, 1913.
Without Leo Frank knowing the police had discovered and questioned 14-year old Monteen Stover, Detectives John R. Black and Pinkerton Detective Harry Scott, approached Leo Frank in his jailcell and asked him if he had been in his office every minute from noon to 12:45PM, and Leo Frank responded an affirmative ‘Yes’. Leo Frank would maintain stoically up until his trial that he never left his office from noon to 12:45 pm on April 26, 1913.
As far as the police were concerned, the alibi of Leo Frank had possibly just been cracked wide open by Monteen Stover.
At his murder trial, Leo Frank would directly respond to Monteen Stover’s claim about his office being empty and change his original alibi he maintained for 3.5 months to explain the reason why his office was empty on Saturday, April 26, 1913, between 12:05pm and 12:10pm, and in doing so he gave away the solution to who killed Mary Phagan.
Unique Trial Analysis
Mary Phagan Kean offers a uniquely neutral analysis of the month long capital murder trial which began on July 28, and led to the August 25, 1913, murder conviction of Leo Max Frank, by a jury of 12 White men, who recommended a sentence “without mercy”. Following the conviction it was affirmed the next day by the presiding Judge, the Honorable Leonard Strickland Roan on August 26, 1913. Judge Leonard S. Roan sentenced Leo Frank to death by hanging at the request of the jury.
The book also highlights Leo Frank’s subsequent failed post-conviction appeals from August 27, 1913 to April, 1915, and his eventual death sentence commutation by then Governor John M. Slaton, on June 21, 1915. Which led to a mob of 1200 people forming at the Governor’s mansion. Rarely ever mentioned in connection with Leo Frank’s commutation is the fact Governor John M. Slaton was part owner of the lawfirm that represented Leo Frank at his trial and appeals. The lawfirm was called Rosser, Brandon, ‘Slaton’ and Phillips (the ‘Slaton’ was Governor John M. Slaton). Slaton had essentially commuted the death sentence of his own client.
Leo Frank had his throat slashed on July 17, 1915, by a fellow inmate named William Creen.
On August 16, 1915, Leo Frank was abducted from prison in a military commando style raid by elite citizens from Marietta, Georgia, and lynched at sunrise on August 17, 1913, at Frey’s Gin.
Nearly 70 years after the lynching of Leo Frank, pressure and backroom dealing by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) of B’nai B’rith, individual associated Jews and other Jewish organizations, resulted in a highly political posthumous pardon without criminal exoneration for Leo Frank on March 11, 1986.
The Leo Frank case continues to capture the imagination of the public, more than 100 years after his conviction and Mary Phagan Kean offers the best and most neutral overview of the case.
Brief Biography of Leo Frank
Leo Frank was born in Cuero (also known as Paris), Texas on April 17, 1884. His family moved 3 months later to Brooklyn, NY, where Leo Frank was raised and educated in the NYC public school system. After doing college prep work at the Pratt Institute of Brooklyn, Leo Frank matriculated into the Ivy League Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. At Cornell, Leo Frank began studying Mechanical Engineering during his first semester in the fall semester of 1902.
1905
During the summer break of 1905, between his Junior and Senior year at college, Leo Frank went with his wealthy uncle Moses Frank on a sojourn to Europe, spending the summer traveling extensively and visiting extended family.
1906
In the fall of 1905 Leo Frank began his senior year of college. And after graduating in June, 1906, with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, Leo Frank bounced around from one job to another, until he visited Atlanta, Georgia, in the fall of 1907 and met again with his rich uncle Moses Frank to discuss a potentially lucrative business venture manufacturing pencils. An item in high demand at the time.
After visiting Atlanta for two weeks, Leo Frank made a very serious life changing decision and decided he wanted to participate in his wealthy uncle Moe’s manufacturing venture. To fulfill this promise, Leo Frank would again go on a sojourn overseas to study with Eberhard-Faber in Germany. Leo Frank left NYC in November 7, 1907, ocean bound for Europe. Once Leo Frank arrived in Bavaria he began studying pencil manufacturing. After his 9 month engineering apprenticeship, Leo Frank returned to NYC, August 1, 1908, on the USS Amerika, and then briefly stopped at his home in Brooklyn to visit his family for a few days. On August 4, 1913, Leo Frank embarked on a South bound train from Penn Station in Manhattan with his luggage and made a permanent move to Georgia. Frank arrived at Terminal Station in Atlanta on August 6, 1908, starting a new life in the Heart of the South.
On Monday, August 10th, 1908, Leo Frank started work in a new career at the National Pencil Company at 37 to 41 South Forsyth Street.
1910
Two years later on November 30, 1910, Leo Frank married into a wealthy and established German-Jewish family (Selig-Cohen), a family that founded the first synagogue in Atlanta two generations prior to Leo’s arrival. Leo Frank was very actively involved with Jewish philanthropy and upper-crust society.
Though Frank was from Brooklyn he became a rising star in the Southern Jewish community, he was elected B’nai B’rith President of Atlanta in 1912, by the 500 member Jewish fraternal lodge and he was re-elected in 1913. By 1913, with nearly 5 years of experience in pencil manufacturing, Leo Frank had reached the pinnacle of his career at the National Pencil Company, running the factory as general superintendent.
1913
The National Pencil Co. headquarters was located on 37 to 41 South Forsyth Street, near the corner of Hunter Street, it was there Thirteen year old Mary Phagan, an employee of Leo Frank, had begun working there in the early Spring of 1912, or about a little more than a year (13 months) before she was murdered. Mary Phagan worked 150 feet down the hall from Leo Frank’s office on the 2nd floor, where she participated in the final and finishing production stages of the pencil manufacturing process. Mary Phagan worked in the metal department known by factory employees as the “metal room”, in a section called the tipping department. Using a knurling machine, Phagan’s job was inserting little rubber erasers into the empty brass metal bands that were attached to the ends of the pencils.
The metal department, where Mary Phagan worked contained within it the only bathroom on the second floor, it was located in the North East corner next to the lady’s dressing room.
Forensic Evidence Discovered, Monday, April 28, 1913
It was the metal room, where a 5 inch wide blood stain, was found on the floor, and bloody hair, was found on the steel handle of a lathe. The discovery was made Monday morning, at 6:30 AM, on April 28, 1913, was by an early bird employee named Robert P. Barret, starting the work week. Word of Mary Phagan’s death, had already reached all of Atlanta, when a newspaper “Extra”, published by the Atlanta Constitution, at the behest of Britt Craig, was released on Sunday, April 27, 1913, just hours after the normal Sunday morning edition appeared.
Once the word got out, about the discovery of the forensic evidence, (hair and blood) in the metal room, word traveled fast, employees of the whole factory, who were already in emotional hysterics, would flock to the metal room, gawking at these unusual blood stains on the floor, and a tress of 6 to 8 hairs with dry blood on them, broken off, stuck and wound on the handle of the lathe machine, of Robert P. Barret. A number of employees recognized the hair as Mary Phagan’s, and testified to that effect at the Leo Frank trial.
A white powder known as haskolene — a machine “lubricant” — was found suspiciously smeared and rubbed into the fresh blood stains on the metal room floor, which were located conspicuously in front of the girls dressing room, the smearing appeared to be an attempt to cover up the bloody evidence, but the blood bled through the white powder, turning the red blood stain, variations of white, pink and dark blood red. The blood stain also had a star burst pattern, behind it, indicating how it came into contact with the floor.
Botched Crime Scene Clean-up Job
The poorly conducted “clean-up job”, gave the appearance, to be a failed attempt to hide the blood stains, near where the murder victim, it was later revealed, Phagan was found by Jim Conley.
Little Mary Phagan’s Life (1899 to 1913):
The 55 hour work week Mary Phagan performed at the pencil factory for about 7.5 cents an hour (actually 7 and 4/11 cents an hour), was her small way of helping support her five siblings, and widowed mother (who remarried a cotton mill worker named Mr. John William Coleman in 1912). Mary Phagan’s step father knew Mary and her family quite well for about 4 years before Marrying into the Phagan family. Mr. Coleman identified the hair found on the lathe machine as belonging to Mary Phagan, as did several other employees who worked in the metal room.
Temporarily Layoff
The week before Phagan’s murder, a shortage of brass sheet supplies at the factory had led to a reduction in her work hours and she was temporarily laid off until the brass sheet metal could be replenished. Her wages for the shortened work week came to just $1.20, or just 7.5 cents an hour, for the 16 hours she had worked the previous Friday April 18, (11 hours), and Saturday, April 19, (5 hours) prior to her being murdered on Saturday, April 26, 1913.
Confederate Memorial Day
On April 26, 1913, a State Holiday, celebrated locally as Confederate Memorial Day, Mary came to the factory at minutes after highnoon, to claim her pay, before she intended on going to see the Confederate Memorial Day Parade with some of her friends and neighbor / co-worker like George W. Epps at the location of Elkins-Watson place around 2:00 pm.
Mary Phagan never arrived at 2:00PM as promised, George W. Epps stuck around for 2 hours and then left at 4:00PM.
Later in the evening George W. Epps ran over to Mary Phagan’s residence, which was right around the corner from his home, to find out why Mary Phagan had stood him up. Mary Phagan’s family was already in a state of panic and distressed over Mary having gone missing that evening, but they also thought she might have gone to stay with a relative. Mary Phagan’s father, Mr. John W. Coleman, had looked for Mary at the Bijou theater, and discovered the Handsome Mr. NV Darley, Foreman at the National Pencil Company with a young girl named Opie Dickerson, who also worked at the National Pencil Company. Though Mr. Darley was married, the young girl he was squiring around was not his wife.
April 26, 1913, Noon
When Mary Phagan arrived at the factory at minutes after noon (12:01PM to 12:02PM), Mary’s pay was issued to her according to Leo Frank. Leo Frank was the last person to admit seeing Mary Phagan alive, in a shuttered and empty factory, but it turned out there were 4 people in the factory at the time of Phagan’s arrival, when the normal number was more than 170+ during a normal work day. It was the reason among others why Leo Frank became a suspect so early on when all things were considered, not because of media frenzies or anti-Semitism.
The First 48 Hours of the Mary Phagan Murder Investigation
George W. Epps made a startling deposition on Monday April 28, 1913, providing troubling testimony to the police, stating that Mary had told him in confidence, that Leo Frank scared her, and he often made lascivious sexual innuendos and inappropriate insinuations toward her. Epps said Leo Frank was “after her” in local parlance, and she was scared of him. According to George W. Epps, Mary Phagan told him that Leo Frank would run up in front of her, when she was trying to leave work, and during the work day he would pester her, and stare at her lecherously and then smile.
According to the Georgia Supreme Court Case file on Leo Frank, George Epps, after the Leo Frank murder trial, got kidnapped by Leo Frank’s cronies, was threatened with violence, and forced to recant his trial testimony ,by signing a false affidavit under duress. George Epps later signed a true affidavit, describing the intimate details of his being kidnapped and taken all the way to Alabama. The true affidavit described in details the dishonest trickery that unraveled when Epps was abducted and forced under duress to sign a pre-written affidavit that was filled with lies.
In The First 24 Hours of the Mary Phagan Murder, Sunday, April 27, 1913
In the early hours of Sunday, April 27, 1913, at around 3:24 AM in the morning, the Negro nightwatch (“night witch”) Newt Lee made a disturbing phone call to the Atlanta police. Newt Lee found Mary Phagans mangled body on a dirt, cinder and saw dust mound in front of the furnace in the rear of the basement at 3:20 AM, with what looked like a frilly strip or part of her petticoat wrapped around her neck and soaked with blood.
When Atlanta Police arrived they reported there was evidence she had been dragged by her arms face down from the elevator entry 140 feet to the furnace, before she was dumped there in front of the furnace. Phagan’s face was so scratched up, punctured, and covered with filth that at first the police were unsure if it were a white or black girl. They had to roll down a stocking from her knee to see she was White.
The autopsy would reveal she had been hit on the face around the right eye with a left fist, there was also a major gash on the back of her head. It was later determined the likely source of the head wound was when she was slammed against the handle of the lathe in the metal room, which left forensic evidence of her broken off bloodied hair, that was found on Monday morning, April 28, 1913, by Robert P. Barret.
The underwear of Mary Phagan was torn open across the vagina to the seam, she had the appearance of having been violently raped, with blood and discharge present on her underwear, her face was beaten black-and-blue, and sunk deep into her neck was the 7 foot cord she had been strangled with. One of the doctor who performed an autopsy testified under oath to several types of specific kinds of sexual violence, and internal vaginal damage, suggesting some kind of rape either penile or by fingers occurred before she was garotted.
Leo M. Frank, Factory Superintendent
The police after examining the body of Mary Phagan made several failed attempts at reaching Leo Frank on the phone in the early hours of April 27, 1913, but they did not have problems reaching other people. It would not be until the early morning after sunrise, the police would finally reach Leo Frank on the phone, they briefly spoke with him, and went directly to his home, the Selig residence on 68 East Georgia Ave, at around 7:00 AM in the morning.
When the detectives arrived at Leo Frank’s in-laws home, the door was answered by Mrs. Lucille Selig Frank, the wife of Leo Frank, the police asked if they could speak with Mr. Frank.
Lucy welcomed them into their home.
Like typical seasoned detectives, without telling Leo Frank why they were there and what it was all about, they observed Frank and asked him to come with them. Suspicion fell on Leo Frank, because he appeared to be extremely nervous, trembling, rubbing his hands, and ghastly pale. Police recalled Leo Frank appeared to be badly hung over, while he was bumbling, jimjamming and agitated. Leo Frank also gave overly detailed and meticulous answers on very minor points, his voice was hoarse and trembling. Leo Frank fumbled and struggled with minor tasks like fixing his collar before leaving with the police. Moreover, Leo kept saying he hadn’t had breakfast and kept asking for a cup of coffee, as if trying to delay the the process of being taken to the Pencil Manufacturing Plant, where he was General Superintendent.
The police asked Leo Frank if he knew Mary Phagan, and Leo Frank denied knowing any Mary Phagan, saying he would need to check the accounting books he managed to be sure.
The significance of Leo Frank claiming to not know Mary Phagan become an important circumstance further into the investigation, because it was later determined, she had worked for more than a year on the same floor as Leo Frank, her work station was only a few feet away from the only bathroom on the second floor, the same bathroom Leo Frank visited daily during his 11 hour work days. Other employees testified Frank knew Mary Phagan quite well and on a first name basis, others suggested they saw Leo behave in that gray area between politeness and sexual harassment toward Phagan.
One incriminating fact against Leo Frank was that Mary Phagan had collected more than 50 pay envelopes from him during her year of employment and during that time she logged an impressive 2,750 hours of work under Leo Frank at the factory from the Spring 1912, to Monday, April 21, 1913 (when she was temporarily laid off).
I Don’t Know Mary Phagan
Leo Frank flat out got caught in a lie about whether or not he knew Mary Phagan, which damaged his credibility, and left people wondering why Leo was trying so hard to pretend not to know Mary.
Frame the Nightwatchman (“night witch”) Newt Lee
On Sunday, April 27, 1913, in the presence of the Atlanta police, Leo Frank said Newt Lee’s time card was punched correctly every half hour from 6:00pm on April 26, 1913 to 3:00 am on Sunday, April 27, 1913. However, on Monday, April 28, 1913, Leo Frank changed his story and told the Atlanta Police that Newt Lee did not punch his time card at 4 disparate intervals, creating several 1 hour periods of unaccounted for time. It put even greater suspicion on Newt Lee, because the old Negro lived about a half an hour away, and the intervals suggested he had enough time to go home and come back four times.
Intimations to Search Newt Lee’s Home
After making his Monday, April 28, 1913, deposition to Atlanta Police that became known as State’s Exhibit B, Leo Frank told the police to check his body and visit his home to look at the laundry. Leo Frank removed his shirt and the police found no visible scratchmarks on his body, and then accompanying the police to the Selig residence, Minola brought the dirty laundry basket and the clothes within it showed no blood stains. Given Leo Frank’s intimations about Newt Lee’s timecard, the natural thing for the Atlanta police to do next was search Newt Lee’s shack.
However, when the police searched Newt Lee’s home without a warrant (violating his constitutional rights), at the bottom of a garbage burn barrel, they found a bloody shirt. The shirt had blood stains high up on the armpits in the front, back and inside in such a way the police immediately thought it was forged and planted there intentionally. What also made detectives think the shirt might have been fabricated is because the shirt, aside from the blood, appeared clean and did not have the distinctive “negro funk” on it as they recalled when they took turns examining and sniffing it.
Newt Lee’s Blood Soaked Shirt
Three variables, the fresh minty clean shirt, with oddly placed blood smears, and no funky smell, gave the suggestion the shirt was a plant meant to incriminate Newt Lee. When the police questioned Newt Lee about the shirt, he said a white woman had given it to him 2 years ago and he hadn’t worn it since.
At that moment, the police began thinking, perhaps Leo Frank was trying to implicate Newt Lee, the murder notes with “night witch” (night watch), the time card contradiction and the planted shirt, were circumstances that began directing strong suspicion on Leo Frank in the minds of the Atlanta Police and detectives investigating the murder.
Leo Frank’s last full day of freedom was Monday, April 28, 1913, because on Tuesday April 29, 1913, at 11:30PM Leo Frank was arrested and would remain incarcerated until his violent ending two years later.
The African-American James “Jim” Conley
After arresting the factory sweeper Jim Conley on Thursday, May 1, 1913, and questioning him, it took three weeks of interrogation, to get from him the revelation that he was indeed present at work on the infamous Confederate Memorial Saturday.
The police cracked Conley using the 3rd degree method after weeks of failure and 3 half-truth affidavits. Atlanta’s finest finally got Conley to admit he was an accomplice after the fact to the strangulation murder of Mary Phagan. The police finally got the details out of Conley about how the body was discovered in the metal department bathroom and transported to the basement. They also were able to get an eye witness account of what Leo Frank was saying and doing during the the morning and afternoon of April 26, 1913.
Conley admitted he was asked by Leo Frank to move the body of Mary Phagan to the basement and ghost write four dictated “death notes” as if they were written by Mary Phagan, but in negro hand writing to draw suspicion to another negro. But only 2 of the murder notes were discovered scattered next to the head of Mary Phagan. It was thought the notes were put there by Leo Frank after James Conley refused to burn the body.
The murder notes were a very contrived attempt to make it appear as if a negro was trying to charade the notion Mary Phagan had written the “death notes” after she went to the bathroom in the metal room and was sexually assaulted by the nightwatchman (night witch) Newt Lee. The “death notes” where unmistakeably clear in their attempt to pin the crime and point guilt to the “long tall slim negro” night watchman Newt Lee (“night witch”), because the notes described him exactly, including his job title.
Looking back from the 21st century to 1913, the “death notes” cause many people to ask themselves, when or ever in history of the cosmos has a black man committed battery, rape, robbery and murder, and then stuck around to write literature, as if they were being written by the victim in the middle of the rape blaming another negro and then addressing the notes to Phagan’s mother describing what happened.
“I write while he plays”…
The Trial
There was some conflicting testimony about what Leo Frank said concerning a question Mary Phagan asked him (Leo Frank) at 12:02 pm or 12:03 PM on April 26, 1913. On Monday, April 28, 1913, Pinkerton Detective Harry Scott was told by Leo Frank that Mary Phagan asked him “Has the metal come in?”. Hired by the National Pencil Company, Harry Scott contradicted Leo Frank about the answer he had given to Mary Phagan, after she asked the question about her work. Scott told the jury, Leo Frank told her, “I Don’t Know”, creating three dimensional time and space of Leo and Mary walking to the metal room to find out.
The trial would make history, because it would be the first time in the United States of America, the testimony of two black man (Jim Conley & Newt Lee) would provide evidence in part leading to the conviction and death sentence of a white man (Leo Frank), by an all White jury, in the White racially consciousness, and segregated South (a place where Jews were treated as equals to Whites).
The Real Star Witness Emerges
However, the star witness was neither Newt Lee or Jim Conley, but a little 5’2″ tall and 14-year old White girl named Monteen Stover.
Star Witness Monteen Stover and the (THIRD) Leo Frank Murder Confession
Monteen Stover who liked Leo Frank had inadvertently cracked wide open his alibi. Leo Frank told the police for 3.5 months he never left his office on April 26, 1913, from twelve noon to 12:45pm. Monteen Stover had come to the factory to collect her pay envelope minutes after Mary Phagan had arrived, but she did not bump into Mary Phagan walking down the stairs and Leo Frank was not in either his inner or outer office, nor was Leo Frank aware that Monteen Stover had arrived and waited for him in his second floor office for five minutes between 12:05 pm to 12:10 PM. Frank would change his story about never leaving his office and respond to the testimony of Monteen Stover stating, he might have “unconsciously” gone to the bathroom in the metalroom during this time.
Crescendo of the Leo Frank Murder Trial
Leo Frank entrapped himself beyond escape, because the only bathroom on the second floor was located within the metal room, it was the metal room where the murder evidence was found (bloody hair and blood stain) and the prosecution had successfully built a month long case that Leo Frank had murdered Mary Phagan on April 26, 1913 in the metal room between 12:05pm and 12:10pm.
To make matters even worse, Leo Frank had made a statement, known as State’s Exhibit B on Monday, April 28, 1913, where he said Mary Phagan had arrived into his office between 12:05PM and 12:10PM on April 26, 1913, but Frank’s office was empty according to Monteen Stover during that time when she came for her pay and Leo replied at the trial saying he might have been “unconsciously” inside the metal room’s bathroom.
Leo Frank had made what amounted to a murder confession at his own trial, it was the first time ever in Southern history.
Be sure to read the final closing statements of State’s prosecution team leader, the Solicitor General Hugh Dorsey and Assistant Solicitor Frank Hooper in American State Trials Volume X 1918, for their unique take on the Leo Frank murder trial admission. One should also read the really long winded closing arguments of Hugh Dorsey published in 1914 as ‘The Argument of Hugh M. Dorsey’.
Firebrand Tom E. Watson
Many would argue the best post trial analysis of the Leo Frank murder confession is articulated by the defense lawyer, and genius Tom Watson in his five booklets on the Leo Frank trial published in Watson’s Magazine, January, March, August, September and October of 1915, and his weekly Jeffersonian Newspaper in specific issues during the years of 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917.
Appeals 1913 to 1915
Numerous half-baked appeal attempts were made by the Leo Frank Legal Defense Team to the Georgia Superior Court, Georgia Supreme Court, US Federal District Court, and United States Supreme Court, all appeals were denied after careful review, with lengthy decisions written and rendered (see: Leo Frank Appeals 1913, 1914, 1915).
Commutation June 21, 1915
The departing Governor of Georgia, John M. Slaton, decided to commute the death sentence of his own client, Leo Frank, to life in prison on June 21, 1915, just days before the end of his last term as Governor. It was an act of political suicide, but it didn’t matter, as he was leaving office anyway, and he was likely rewarded handsomely behind the scenes in other ways.
The commutation caused a mob of 1200 people to storm the perimeter of Slaton’s mansion, but the local militia held the line. The mob formed to angrily protest the commutation, because it was a gross conflict of interest. Rarely ever mentioned by Leo Frank partisans is the connection between Leo Frank’s commutation and the fact Governor John M. Slaton was part owner of the lawfirm that represented Leo Frank at his trial and appeals. The lawfirm was called Rosser, Brandon, ‘Slaton’ and Phillips (the ‘Slaton’ was Governor John M. Slaton).
1915
The genius anti-Catholic / anti-Semite Tom Watson through his popular Jeffersonian publishing company in 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, mocked Leo Frank calling him a Jewish sodomite and wrote five separate scathing reviews about the Leo Frank Case in January, March, August, September and October of 1915 issues of Watson’s Magazine (These 5 issues are available on Archive.org) and the Jeffersonian Newspaper 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917. They are deliciously sarcastic and filled with energy, invective, seasoned wit and juicy lexicon.
Leo Frank Prison Shanking, July 17, 1915
One month after the commutation of Leo Frank got shanked in prison by a fellow inmate named William Creen, who used a 7 inch butcher knife on Leo’s tender throat. Leo Frank barely survived the attack, but thanks to two inmate doctors who came to his aid in the nick of time and stitched him up. The wound was a bit slow to heal in the hot and humid Milledgeville, GA, summer of 1915.
One month after the shanking and almost 2 months after Leo Frank received his controversial clemency, a well organized group of about 25 to 35 men, many of whom were from Georgia’s highest strata of politics, law and society, organized themselves into the ‘Knights of Mary Phagan’. This newly formed group of Georgia’s elites, sought to fulfill the conviction of the Jury and death sentence judgement ratified by Judge Leonard Strickland Roan. These elite men of the Knights of Mary Phagan wanted to deliver righteous retribution in the form of “Southern Style Vigilante Justice”.
After much careful planning, Leo Frank was kidnapped from the minimum security Milledgeville prison he was housed on the evening of August 16, 1915, driven all through the night and then lynched in the early hours of August 17, 1915, from an oak tree near the town of Marietta where Mary Phagan had formerly lived at one time.
Post Lynching, August 17, 1915
Once word got out, Leo Frank’s dangling body became a public spectacle, photographs were taken and the pictures of Leo Franks lifeless suspended body, gently twirling in the breeze became popular post cards and pieces of his shirt transformed into memorabilia.
How the Most Definitive Book on the Leo Frank Case was Born
The book ‘The Murder of Little Mary Phagan’ is written by the namesake of the murder victim, Mary Phagan’s great niece named Mary Phagan Kean. When Mary Phagan Kean was 13 years old, she discovered her given name was no mere accident or coincidence. When people heard Mary Phagan Kean’s name they started asking her questions about whether she was related to the famous little Mary Phagan who had been murdered long ago by Leo Frank on Confederate Memorial Day, Saturday, April 26, 1913.
Mary Phagan Kean would learn a startling secret when people started asking her questions about her curious name, so she asked her family if she was somehow connected to the Mary Phagan who was murdered so long ago in the National Pencil Factory. When her family revealed the truth about her blood relation, Mary Phagan Kean immediately became insatiably interested in learning about the investigation, and its aftermath.
Instantly becoming a life long student of the case at age 13, Mary Phagan-Kean has devoted every free moment of her entire life studying volumes of research and documents, reading every surviving document surrounding the torture, rape and strangulation of her great grand aunt, 13 year old Mary Phagan (1899 to 1913) and the biography of Leo Max Frank (1884 to 1915).
B’nai B’rith
Leo Frank was the President of the 500 member Atlanta Chapter of B’nai B’rith beginning in 1912, and re-elected again in 1913, until his term expired in 1914. As a result of his conviction, the case turned into a national scandal and eventually evolved into a sensational cause celebre. For the Jewish Community it would become the critical mass of “anti-Semitism” catalyzing the formation of two American groups: the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith born in October, 1913, or ADL (www.ADL.org) for short, and spark the revival of the defunct nativist and floundering ethnic nationalist Ku Klux Klan (KKK) on November 24, 1915.
The KKK considers themselves as the “immune system of the United States of America”, providing an immunal response to what they perceived as an infection of the United States of America, as a host-body, by a Collective Jewish virus/parasite. The ADL considers itself a civil rights group defending Jews and Israel against Anti-Semitism (Anti-Jewish Racism).
Misrepresentations
Jewish Scholars overwhelmingly wrote the lion share of all the written “victim-centric” books, articles, web sites, scripts, video, media, songs, broadway plays and texts about the subject of Leo Frank and Mary Phagan, and almost unanimously allege the investigation, trial, and conviction where part of a widespread Antisemitic Gentile Sponsored Conspiracy, a text book case of Anti-Semitism; the railroading, and framing of an innocent Jewish Man because of anti-Jewish racism, prejudice and religious hatred. Leo Frank partisan books often leave out volumes of the relevant facts, evidence and testimony concerning the Leo Frank case, dishonestly spinning the facts convenient to creating doubt about Leo Franks guilty verdict.
If you have any doubts about Leo Frank’s guilt study the brief of evidence and SIFT IT!
1982 and 1983: The Alonzo Mann Media Hoax
In 1982, Alonzo Mann, a lonely, broke and senile octogenarian, who also happened to be the former office boy of Leo Frank for three weeks in April, 1913, came forward at the behest of the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith, with a fantastic story about what he saw on April 26, 1913 at noon.
1982 was about 69 years after the murder of Mary Phagan, and the trial of Leo M. Frank for her murder. Alonzo “Lonnie” Mann went public with a story claiming he had withheld information from the Leo M. Frank legal defense team, police, Solicitor General Hugh M. Dorsey, the Judge Leonard Strickland Roan, the Jury of 12 White men, Appeals Courts, Slaton’s Commutation hearing and seven decades of people.
Alonzo Mann said that, he went back to the National Pencil Company Factory after he left it April 26, 1913, and saw the Negro Janitor Jim Conley, carrying the body of Mary Phagan on his shoulder, and Jim Conley reached out his hand for Alonzo Mann and said to the young boy, “if you tell anyone , I will kill you”. Alonzo Mann, claimed he ran home and told his parents and they told him not to tell anyone.
In the 1980′s, Alonzo Mann’s statement made no sense and came off as a desperate web of lies according to many person who heard his newfangled claims.
First, why would White parents in a White racial separatist Georgia of 1913, tell their White son not to tell the police on a “murdering”, and guilty black janitor Jim Conley, with the result being an “innocent” clean cut White boss, Leo Frank, who gave their son a highly prized job, going to gallows? Instead of a guilty Negro?
Second, why would White parents allow their son to report to work on Monday Morning, April 28, 1913, right after their son was threatened with death on Saturday April 26, 1913? Alonzo Mann Reported for work Monday morning, April 28, 1913 when all the forensic revelations were made at the National Pencil Company.
Third, if Alonzo Mann admitted in 1982 he lied under oath at the Leo Frank trial in 1913 (about leaving at 11:30 AM), what’s not to say he wasn’t lying again in 1982 / 1983, when he said he came back at noon. 70 years after the trial, he was asked why he came back, and he said it was about a bet he made with Schiff, but everyone knows Schiff was not meant to come to work that day.
The ADL tried to use the Alonzo Mann Affair to get a posthumous pardon at first in 1983, but it failed. Three long years of political machinations, back room wheeling and dealing continued until a second attempt was made.
1986: Second Attempt Successful
In 1986, pressure from the powerful Jewish community, Jewish groups and ADL (Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith), resulted in the highly political March 11, 1986 posthumous pardon of Leo Frank (without exoneration).
There was only one problem with the highly political pardon, Alonzo Mann had died in March of 1985 and no one could question him. The politically corrupt board forgave Leo Frank with a pardon, but kept Leo Frank’s GUILT intact and thus did not disturb the verdict of the Jury.
On March 11, 1986, a pardon without exoneration of guilt was issued by the board:
Without attempting to address the question of guilt or innocence, and in recognition of the State’s failure to protect the person of Leo M. Frank and thereby preserve his opportunity for continued legal appeal of his conviction, and in recognition of the State’s failure to bring his killers to justice, and as an effort to heal old wounds, the State Board of Pardons and Paroles, in compliance with its Constitutional and statutory authority, hereby grants to Leo M. Frank a Pardon.
A most grotesque symbol of political power just unraveled.
Even with the posthumous pardon, it was specified the guilt of Leo M. Frank remains permanently intact, because his official conviction was not changed, disturbed or tampered with from 1913 to 1986. As of March 11, 1986, Leo M. Frank remains guilty in the eyes of Black Letter and Settled Law forever more, though he was forgiven of his crime by the board, he was not forgiven by the public that detests pedophile-rapists and child murderers.
A number of fictionalized media dramatizations and treatments have been made about the trial in the form of plays, musicals, miniseries, docudramas, video blogs, songs, and Broadway plays conducted across the international theater landscape, all created by Jews making a mockery of the life of a little Christian girl Mary Phagan who is used as nothing more than a plot device to launch Leo Frank’s persecution hoax at the hands of evil Gentiles.
Attempts for more than 100 years are continuing to launched to idealize and rehabilitate the image of Leo Frank as an innocent and stoic Jewish victim of “Antisemitism”.
The transfiguration attempts to transform Leo Frank from a perverted pedophile rapist and strangler into a holy Jewish religious martyr of collective Gentile prejudice.
The blood libel against the Leo Frank prosecution team, European-Americans and people who think Leo Frank is guilty, continues to this day by the Jewish community, though sometimes it is couched. The Leo Frank Case is a Jewish-Gentile conflict that has been smoldering for 100 years.
Three Leo M. Frank Murder Confessions From the 1913 Brief of Evidence
1. To Jim Conley, Saturday, April 26, 1913, Circa Noon to 1:00 PM (See Jim Conley affidavits and trial testimony in the brief of evidence (1913) and Georgia supreme court case file about Leo Frank (1913, 1914).
2. To Lucille Selig Frank, Saturday Late Evening, April 26, 1913, 10:30 PM (See State’s Exhibit J, Brief of Evidence, 1913)
3. To The Public, Monday, August 18, 1913, after 2:00 PM and before 6:30 PM (Leo Frank four hour unsworn trial statement, August 18, Brief of Evidence, 1913)
The Fourth Leo Frank Confession Published in the Atlanta Constitution
4. Leo Frank confirmed his August 18, 1913, murder trial confession in the March 9, 1914, issue of the Atlanta Constitution.
The Jewish community won’t dare to ever mention the “unconscious” bathroom murder trial confession that Leo Frank made on the witness stand when he was giving his four hour unsworn statement at the trial on Monday afternoon, August 18, 1913, between 2:00pm and 6:00pm. Thoughtful and analytical interpretations of the statement Leo Frank made to counter Monteen Stover’s testimony is always left out of most Leo Frank partisan and revisionist books, even though it proves Leo Frank’s guilt indisputably when juxtaposed with State’s Exhibit B and Jim Conley saying he found Mary Phagan dead in the metalroom bathroom (State’s Exhibit A) at the behest of Leo Frank (Leo Frank’s trial statement, Monteen Stover’s trial testimony, State’s Exhibit B, Jim Conley’s trial testimony and affidavits, brief of evidence, 1913).
Leo Frank is the only person in early 20th century US history to make what amounted to a murder confession at his own trial, leaving most people gobsmacked by it.
See the final closing arguments of Hugh M. Dorsey, Frank Arthur Hooper and Tom Watson’s later interpretations of the Leo Frank murder confession (Watson Magazine, September, 1915).
Also see State’s Exhibit A, B, J, Monteen Stover’s Testimony, Pinkerton Detective Harry Scott’s Testimony and the Statement given by Leo Frank to the Jury countering the testimony of Monteen Stover – with an “unconscious” bathroom visit to the metal room between 12:05 and 12:10PM on April 26, 1913. Study the Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence, 1913 and the Leo M. Frank Georgia Supreme Court Case File.
<<=============The 4.7MB adobe PDF version of the book is available here for download. Please download this book and read it.
"Definitive account of one of the most famous crimes of the century."--American Jewish Outlook
"Riveting and captivating!" -- Ira Stein
"The most evenhanded account of the most sensational trial of the 20th century." -- Matt Cohen
"The best book written on the Leo Frank case since 1915" - MC
The book was published in English on September 25, 1989
More excellent books and reading on the subject include:
0. The Leo Frank Case (Mary Phagan) Inside Story of Georgia’s Greatest Murder Mystery 1913 – The first neutral book written on the subject in 1913. Very interesting read available on: www.Archive.org.
1. The Murder of Little Mary Phagan by Mary Phagan Kean (Available here on www.Archive.org). Written by Mary Phagan Kean, the great grand niece of Mary Phagan. A neutral account of the events surrounding the trial of Leo Frank and considered the most balanced, fair and accurate work on the Leo Frank case. The Murder of Little Mary Phagan is well worth reading and it is a refreshing change from the endless number of Leo Frank partisan media, articles and books turning the Leo Frank case into a mellow dramatic, Jewish, neurotic, race obsessed and hollyweird tabloid controversy. The Murder of Little Mary Phagan is required reading.
2. American State Trials, volume X (1918) by John Lawson (Available here on www.Archive.org) Tends to be biased or lean in favor of Leo Frank and his legal defense team, this document provides an abridged version of the Brief of Evidence, leaving out some important things said at the trial and the details of some of the evidence when it republishes parts of the official trial testimony. Be sure to read the closing arguments of Luther Zeigler Rosser, Reuben Rose Arnold, Frank Arthur Hooper and Hugh Manson Dorsey. What this book possesses is something that no other book does, it has the abridged closing arguments of State’s prosecution team members Hugh M. Dorsey and Frank Arthur Hooper, be sure to read their interpretation of the Gobsmacking, August 18, 1913, Leo Frank murder confession when Leo Frank to counter Monteen Stover’s testimony, says that he might have had the safe door open or “unconsciously” gone to the bathroom in the metal room. Be sure to familiarize yourself with Monteen Stover’s testimony and the official 1913 Brief of Evidence. For the best interpretation of the mind boggling Leo Frank murder confession, one better than both Hugh Dorsey and Frank Arthur Hooper, then definitely read the Anti-Semite Tom Watson’s five works on the Leo Frank trial in his Watson’s Magazine issues: Jan, March, August, September and October of 1915. Putting aside Watson’s vile Anti-Semitism, his works on the Leo Frank case are delicious, full of wit, sarcasm, energy and venom (Required Reading).
For a more complete version of the Leo M. Frank trial testimony, read the official 1913 murder trial brief of evidence (available on archive.org) and you can see what was left out in American State Trials Volume X 1918.
3. Argument of Hugh M. Dorsey in the Trial of Leo Frank (Available here on Archive.org.). Some but not all of the 9 hours of arguments given to the Jury at the end of the Leo Frank trial. Only 18 Libraries in the world have copies of this books.
This is an excellent book and required reading to see how Hugh Dorsey in sales vernacular ‘closed’ a Jury of 12 men and Judge Roan. Make sure you read the section on the Leo Frank murder confession in this book and compare it to the one in American State Trials Volume X 1918, see the differences in the final closing arguments.
4. Leo M. Frank, Plaintiff in Error, vs. State of Georgia, Defendant in Error. In Error from Fulton Superior Court at the July Term 1913, Brief of Evidence. Extremely rare, only 1 copy exists, and it is at the Georgia State Archive. This document is available now on www.Archive.org.
5.,6.,7., The Atlanta Constitution, The Atlanta Journal, The Atlanta Georgian (Hearst’s Tabloid Yellow Journalism), April 28th to August 27th 1913.
8. Tom Watson’s Jeffersonian Newspaper 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917 and Watson’s Magazine 1915: Watson’s Magazine, January 1915, Watson’s Magazine, March 1915; Watson’s Magazine, August 1915, Watson’s Magazine, September 1915, and Watson’s Magazine, October of 1915. (Available here on www.Archive.org). Tom Watson’s best work on the Leo M. Frank case was published in September 1915. Watson’s five works written collectively on the Leo M. Frank topic, provide logical arguments confirming the guilt of Leo M. Frank with superb reasoning.
These five works are absolutely required reading for anyone interested in the Leo M. Frank Case. Tom Watson’s magazine publications surged from 30,000 to 100,000 copies, when it was announced he would be writing on the Leo Frank case. These magazines are extremely rare and very difficult to find. However they have been scanned and are available on www.Archive.org.
8.1. The Leo Frank Case By Tom Watson (January 1915) Watson’s Magazine Volume 20 No. 3. See page 139 for the Leo Frank Case. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source: www.Archive.org
8.2. The Full Review of the Leo Frank Case By Tom Watson (March 1915) Volume 20. No. 5. See page 235 for ‘A Full Review of the Leo Frank Case’. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source: www.Archive.org
8.3. The Celebrated Case of The State of Georgia vs. Leo Frank By Tom Watson (August 1915) Volumne 21, No 4. See page 182 for ‘The Celebrated Case of the State of Georgia vs. Leo Frank”. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source: www.Archive.org
8.4. The Official Record in the Case of Leo Frank, Jew Pervert By Tom Watson (September 1915) Volume 21. No. 5. See page 251 for ‘The Official Record in the Case of Leo Frank, Jew Pervert’. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source: www.Archive.org
8.5. The Rich Jews Indict a State! The Whole South Traduced in the Matter of Leo Frank By Tom Watson (October 1915) Volume 21. No. 6. See page 301. Jeffersonian Publishing Company, Thomson, Ga., Digital Source: www.Archive.org
See: Jeffersonian Newspapers 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917
Tom Watson’s Jeffersonian Newspaper
9. The Tom E. Watson Digital Papers Archive, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: http://www.lib.unc.edu/dc/watson
Online Leo M. Frank Portal
10. The Leo M. Frank Research Library and Archive: http://www.LeoFrank.Org

Alien Nation
By Peter Brimelow

E pluribus unum no more? Like most other recent immigrants, former Englishman Brimelow thinks U.S. immigration policy badly needs reforming. Immigration is too high to begin with, he says, but also too many unskilled workers are coming, legally as well as illegally, as are too many persons whose ethnicities differ from the U.S. norm of predominantly European extractions. Brimelow maintains that besides the ill effects present immigration has on law enforcement, social service provision, public health, and the environment, it is undermining the sense of the U.S. as a nation. But we’ve always been “a nation of immigrants,” you say? Brimelow documents that that is true only in that the American people, like the people of every other nation we know of, came from somewhere else. Moreover, throughout American history, immigration has occurred, not continuously, but in several waves that have alternated with long periods of assimilation– this is the pattern that built the nation and that the immigration tsunami touched off by the 1965 Immigration Act and complicated by the political resistance to assimilation known as multiculturalism has broken. The U.S. badly needs to drastically reduce immigration now, absorb the last 30 years’ worth of new Americans, and rethink its immigration policies, Brimelow concludes, or it may dissolve into a bunch of smaller countries, in some of which democracy as we enjoy it will not survive. Writing in the magnetically readable, “sledgehammer” (his term) style of his principal employer, Forbes, Brimelow is sure to fuel the debates on U.S. immigration policy in the months ahead.

“One of the most widely discussed books of the year.”
-Jerry Adler, Newsweek

“An indispensable book…. Either side may profitably imbibe this bottled brio. Makes a powerful-indeed,, nearly overwhelming-case against the status quo.”
- Jack Miles, Los Angeles Times, in Atlantic Monthly

“Raw meat that will offend politically correct members of the cultural elite. It may also strike a responsive chord with a great many ordinary Americans.”
-Stephan Thernstrom, Washington Post

“A brilliant book.”
- Edwin A. Roberts, Tampa Tribune
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“I have also been an ‘open immigration’ advocate… [but] Alien Nation has persuaded me … to call for an immediate suspension of all immigration.”
-William B. Allen., former chairman. Commission on Civil Rights, in Detroit News and Free Press

“A book not to be missed…. Every American citizen owes a debt of gratitude to Peter Brimelow.”
-William A. Rusher, Washington Times

“Important…. Many of the facts given in this book will be surprising even to well-informed readers.”
-Nathan Glazer Harvard University

“Deserves praise for going to the heart of the immigration issue.”
-Francis Fukuyama, author of The End of History and The Last Man

“His fear is justified. We will bury him.”
-Lawrence Chua, Village Voice

Peter Brimelow is a senior editor at Forbes and National Review magazines in New York. He is the author of The Patriot Game: Canada and the Canadian Question Revisited.

http://www.archive.org/details/Alien_Nation

www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/11147000/__Beerput_HVA_geopend__.html

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www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4556/Onderwijs/article/detail/3026160/2011/11/10/Nog-een-geval-van-fraude-in-Nijmegen.dhtml